Tibial shin splints are very common problems that affect both recreational and trained athletes. Runners are often affected.

Tibial periostitis occurs further toward the front of the leg than posterior tibial shin splints, and the bone itself is tender.

Anterior compartment syndrome affects the outer side of the front of the leg.

Stress fractures usually produce localized, sharp pain with tenderness 1 or 2 inches below the knee. A stress fracture is likely to occur 2 or 3 weeks into a new training program or after beginning a more strenuous training regimen.