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Eczema (atopic dermatitis)

Definition:
Atopic dermatitis, commonly referred to as eczema, is a chronic skin disorder categorized by scaly and itching rashes. People with eczema often have a family history of allergic conditions like asthma, hay fever, or eczema.

Alternative Names:
Infantile eczema; Atopic eczema; Dermatitis - atopic

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

Eczema is most common in infants, and at least half of those cases clear by age 36 months. In adults, it is generally a chronic or recurring condition.

A hypersensitivity reaction (similar to an allergy) occurs in the skin, causing chronic inflammation. The inflammation causes the skin to become itchy and scaly. Chronic irritation and scratching can cause the skin to thicken and become leathery-textured.

Exposure to environmental irritants can worsen symptoms, as can dryness of the skin, exposure to water, temperature changes, and stress.



Review Date: 2/4/2002
Reviewed By: Victoria Kennedy, RN, A.D.A.M.editorial (2/4/2002) . Previous review: Michael Lehrer, M.D., Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.(7/24/2001).

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